The Cartagena Protocol sets out a precautionary approach to the trade of GMOs with the goal of protecting global biodiversity The Protocol gives importing countries the right to reject GMO goods on environmental or health concerns It was the first international agreement to formalise the cross-border movement of GMOs
Ecological economics focuses on the need for human economic activity to not extend beyond our ecological ceiling whilst providing prosperity for all. It differs from neoclassical (more traditional) forms of economics in that there is not an emphasis on growth but rather ensuring planetary and societal welfare through redistributive and regenerative systems. Some current day examples of economic frameworks that use ecological economics are degrowth (Hickel & Kallis) and Doughnut Economics (Kate Raworth).