NBSAPs stand for National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans; they are the mechanism for implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the national level. Creating an ambitious NBSAP involves a multi-stakeholder process that engages actors such as government and civil society.Most countries missed the COP16 deadline to submit their updated NBSAP, with commonly cited reasons including a lack of capacity and national elections, and some decided to update their national targets instead.