Maladaptation is failed adaptation that increases vulnerability instead of reducing it. Seawalls and urban greening are examples of adaptive measures that have a risk of being maladaptive. Maladaptation can be prevented by focusing on holistic and inclusive long-term solutions
There are multiple categories of drought; agricultural, meteorological, hydrological and socioeconomic. Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and intensity of drought. In Somalia droughts have caused an estimated 43?,000 more deaths compared with the mortality levels in 2015–2016.
As climate impacts worsen, managed retreat may be inevitable in some cases. Managed retreat in the US is centered around flood hazards and most cases occur in the eastern half of the US. Such programs may worsen social inequity if justice considerations are not taken into account.
The Global Covenant of Mayors is the largest alliance for city climate action leadership representing over 1 billion citizens.The GCoM cities and local governments could reduce global emissions by 1.9 GtCO2e annually in 2030, compared to a business-as-usual trajectory, and by 76.5 GtCO2e in 2050.Greater financial investment in city climate actions is needed especially for adaptation activities; implementation of all actions could generate 11 million new jobs worldwide.
Only 18 % of appointed ministers worldwide are women. The vulnerability of women to the climate crisis is not only environmental but it is also rooted in its intersection with socio-economic and cultural factors, as well as lack of gendered policy. The inclusion of women in decision making and climate related policies is vital to combating women’s vulnerability to the climate crisis.